Photography and Film criticism – the left imagery and imagination
In the late nineteenth century, with the advent of halftone technique photography expand its circulation as a powerful critical tool, making visible the social inequality and claiming for better life conditions. In the core of the issue was photography ontology, as a mirror to reality unveiling the «truths». Photographers such as Jacob Riis (1849-1914), Lewis Hine (1874-1940), later Dorothea Lange or Walker Evans, as well as many others, were deeply invested in the mission of exposing the social consequences of industrial development. Thereafter in the early decades of the twentieth century the use of images to foster social conscientiousness had a significant boost with film, i.e. the works of directors such as Flaherty, Eisenstein, Grierson, Vertov, Dovzhenko or Joris Ivens. Combining documental intentions with avant-garde experimental claims, they made possible to discuss political and historical conditions.
As documentation tools, photography and cinema were also extremely important to Fine Arts, widen political implications while creating a new commitment with the real. Artists such Warhol or Rauschenberg soon understood the potential of photographs and film as artistic media, due to their realistic ontology, which put art scene in a present and performative temporality. Following Art History «pictorial turn» and the 1970s Visual Studies, new ways of understanding reality in art were uttered through the works of Victor Burgin, Allan Sekula, Ana Mendieta, Jonas Mekas, Jo Spence, Cindy Sherman, which have expanded the political and experimental possibilities of using photographs and film challenging a whole set of pre-existent imagery. The political possibilities of photography and film has enabled the fine Arts to face contemporary social issues, such as, gender, capitalism, veiled economic infrastructures, women rights, postcolonial landscapes or political repression.
This issue of Wrong Wrong Magazine aims to gather together a selection of the contributions from the conference «Left – Photography and Film Criticism» held at the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences of Universidade Nova de Lisboa and at the Fine Arts faculty of Universidade de Lisboa in November 2017. We hope this publication contributes to the crucial contemporary debates on the ability of images as political empowerment critical used by artists, filmmakers, photographers and philosophers.
Margarida Medeiros & Paulo Catrica